Ecobuild Southeast Asia 2016 Focuses On New Tech and Methodology

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There were a total of 66 paid conferences, forums, free seminars and technology symposiums, among other events.

There were a total of 66 paid conferences, forums, free seminars and technology symposiums, among other events.

Ecobuild Southeast Asia 2016 and International Construction Week 2016 (ICW2016), the region’s biggest trade event for the construction industry, was launched at the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre by Dato’ Sri Haji Fadillah Bin Haji Yusof, Minister of Works Malaysia, on behalf of Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Mohd NajibTun Razak.

 

Held under the theme “Driving Productivity in Construction” and organised by UBM Malaysia, Ecobuild SEA 2016 focused the spotlight on cutting-edge technologies and methodologies, to improve productivity and sustainability in construction, particularly Industrialised Building System (IBS),as showcased in the Industrialised Building Systems Housing Expo.

 

“The theme of this year’s show is driving productivity further by increasing technology adoption and modernising construction methods,” said Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Mohd NajibTun Razak. “This is an important aspect of our national economy, for it is through increased productivity that we can properly target becoming a high-income nation by 2020.”

 

Co-located with Ecobuild SEA are the IBS Housing Expo and the CIDB-IEM Construction Career Fair 2016, all under one roof. IBS showcases quality, safe and energy-efficient methods of construction,and will help to modernise the local building industry. The Construction Career Fair is the only career fair for the professionals in the industry, also providing job opportunities to fresh graduates.

As the leading platform for the construction industry in Southeast Asia, Ecobuild SEA consists of 127 exhibitors from eight countries and regions. The participating countries are Malaysia, Singapore, China, Canada, Hong Kong, Germany, France and Australia. The show had successfully drawn 12,073 visitors from 63 countries, a 15% increase from 2015. 10.3% of the visitors are international.

There were a total of 66 paid conferences, forums, free seminars and technology symposiums,as well as five competitions alongside Ecobuild SEA. Several competitions had their finale during ICW 2016: My City 2050, Rebuild It Green, Open Ideas ­­­­­­­­Competition, International Highest Early Strength Self-Consolidating Concrete Cube Competition and IEM Mechanical Design Competition.

The next edition, Ecobuild SEA 2017, will be held on April 12-14, 2017 at the Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre. The theme will be “Quality, Safety and Professionalism” –  one of the four strategic thrusts of the Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP). It will co-locate with Greenbuild 2017, Energy Efficiency Malaysia, Construction Showcase and Construction Career Fair, including International Pavilion, Industrialised Building System Pavilion, Malaysia Timber Industry Board (MTIB) Pavilion and Contractor and Entrepreneur Development Division (BPKU) Pavilion.

For more information, call 603-21768788, email ecobuildsea@ubm.com or visit www.ecobuildsea.com.

BEI Asia Awards Held Successfully for Third Consecutive Year

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Winners of the BEI Asia Awards 2015/16. Image courtesy of www.facebook.com/BEIasiaAwards

Winners of the BEI Asia Awards 2015/16. Image courtesy of www.facebook.com/BEIasiaAwards

The prestigious Built Environment Industry (BEI) Asia Awards 2015/16 Awards Ceremony and Gala dinner took place on May 19 2016 at ONE°15 Marina Club, a premier marina and lifestyle club nestled within Sentosa Cove.

Organised by PTL Group, the BEI Asia Awards was first launched in 2013 to recognise, reward, and honour the achievements of leading enterprises across Singapore’s Built Environment Industry. The event was graced by  Guest of Honour, Mr. Lui Tuck Yew, Former Minister for Transport and Second Minister for Defence, and was attended by over 300 guests – some of whom had flown in from overseas to witness and celebrate the triumphs of the well-deserving winners.

BEI Asia Award 2016 now spans across the globe with 25 award winners from Australia, Japan, the United Kingdom, Malaysia and Singapore. A combined turnover in excess of SGD$16 billion were honoured for the enterprises’ proactive contributions to the Built Environment Industry with a focus on Green initiatives, innovation and sustainability.

BEI Asia Award 2016 also saw the introduction of the “The Environmental Conservation Award”, which recognises the corporation’s efforts to create a voice for the conservation and preservation of our habitat and natural resources. Moreover, the rebranding of the Asia Green Building Award to Asia Green Business Award highlights the outstanding achievements of the local and regional companies within this sector who are at the forefront of promoting sustainability efforts in their businesses.

id212 Pte Ltd has won at the BEI Asia Awards three consecutive years in a row. Image courtesy of www.facebook.com/BEIasiaAwards

id212 Pte Ltd has won at the BEI Asia Awards three consecutive years in a row. Image courtesy of www.facebook.com/BEIasiaAwards

Mr. Fong Kwok Shiung, Chairman of the Awards Organising Committee, stated in his welcoming speech, “They have successfully turned their green initiatives into innovative product and service offerings, which provide environmentally friendly and sustainable methods or solutions to help reduce our carbon footprint, recycle and recover from material scrapes and reusing them so as to minimise the waste they emit on a per project basis.”

Nominees of the BEI Asia awards were required to submit a comprehensive submission kit and undergo a face-to-face interview with an independent panel of judges. Looking beyond the impressive financial growth and business model of each entry, the judges looked for organisations that have been adopting best business practices when conducting their businesses.

Led by Chief Judge, Professor Willie Tan, Head of the Department of Building at the National University of Singapore, said, “For us (judges), we not only look at their business model, strategy and vision, but also how the company looks after its own internal stakeholders and how they contribute back to society and care for the environment.”

For a full list of winners, visit the BEI Asia Awards page.

Liberty Place achieves more than 20 percent energy savings with solutions from Johnson Controls

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Liberty Place is a new premium grade office complex in the heart of Sydney’s central business district

Liberty Place is a new premium grade office complex in the heart of Sydney’s central business district

Liberty Place is a new premium grade office complex in the heart of Sydney’s central business district by leading developer Grocon. Spanning five separate sites, including Legion House, a heritage building dating back to 1902, Liberty Place has a total of 58,316 square meters of office space and 2,800 square meters of retail space.

In recognition of the complex’s sustainable design and enhanced operational efficiency, it was conferred the 6- Star Green Star Rating by the Green Building Council of Australia and 5.0 Star NABERS (National Australian Built Environment Rating System) by the Office of Environment and Heritage.

Johnson Controls’ integrated building solution, comprising a fully automated tri-generation system, enabled Liberty Place to achieve energy savings of 20 percent, moving it closer to its zero carbon emissions goal.

At the heart of the solution by Johnson Controls lies a fully automated tri-generation plant that is integrated into the daily operations of the building. The system allows for the simultaneous generation of electricity and useful heat and cooling in a single process. The comprehensive solution from Johnson Controls includes:

 

 

  • Energy-efficient YORK® YK centrifugal chillers and YORK YIA absorption chillers optimally configured in the chilled water system
  • Re-engineering of existing plant room to reduce footprint by a third
  • Re-engineering of pumping systems to reduce chiller pump power
  • Sabroe® SABlight air-cooled chiller to provide option of generating power via synthetic gas produced by gasifier or natural gas
  • Central Plant Optimisation 10 (CPO10) software powered by Metasys® to optimise the performance of the chiller plant
  • Metasys Energy Dashboard software to track savings from each perimeter and provide a holistic analysis of the building’s energy efficiency

“We have achieved a major milestone at Liberty place by managing a fully automated tri-generation system that is truly integrated into daily building operations. The fact that the entire system is running smoothly demonstrates the value of the integrated solution from Johnson Controls,” said Dru Spork, Grocon’s Sustainability and Services Manager.

To learn more, please visit http://bit.ly/libertyplace.

REC invests S$200 million to automate and upgrade technology over the next three years

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Minister Iswaran on a tour of REC’s global HQ and manufacturing facility in Tuas, Singapore.

Minister Iswaran on a tour of REC’s global HQ and manufacturing facility in Tuas, Singapore.

As escalating climate change remains the biggest challenge today and the nascent renewable energy sector picks up speed, REC, a global provider of solar energy solutions, has announced a total investment of S$ 250 million in automation, technology upgrade and research and development (R&D) efforts to unleash the full potential of solar as a source of renewable energy.

At its manufacturing facility in Tuas and in the presence of Minister for Trade and Industry (Industry), S Iswaran, this morning, REC unveiled plans to invest S$200 million in Singapore that will further increase its productivity and efficiency through automation and technology upgrading.

This will fully convert all 1.3 GW of REC’s solar modules capacity in Singapore to TwinPeak production. These panels yield the highest energy efficiencies as compared to any other multi-crystalline panels that are mass-produced today. Committed to its vision that every person benefits from electricity generated directly from the sun, REC’s move to expand its capacity and technology with sustainable, reliable and high performing products is closely aligned with the Singapore government’s plans to grow the cleantech sector.

The Singapore government has recently announced about S$900 million of R&D budget in Urban Solutions and Sustainability, one of four key technology domains to be funded under the national Research, Innovation and Enterprise (RIE) 2020 Plan. This RIE initiative, amounting to S$19 billion, maps out the focus for Singapore’s R&D efforts for the next five years.

Said Steve O’Neil, CEO, REC, “With such a strong commitment to cleantech innovation, Singapore is the ideal location for REC to channel new innovations and push the boundaries for solar solutions. We are very excited to share our roadmap for advancements in solar energy production as we dedicate resources for research and development into our game-changing TwinPeak solar panels.”

Minister Iswaran speaking with a REC employee.

Minister Iswaran speaking with a REC employee.

Lauded for its high performance, the high power 120-cell module, Twin Peak, was launched by REC last year. Developed based on Passivated Emitter Rear Cell (PERC) technology and half-cut cells, TwinPeak solar panels convert more sunlight into electricity as compared to standard modules, effectively allowing customers to derive the most energy and value out of their installations.

For commercial, industrial and residential entities in Singapore, this is of extreme importance, given the limited rooftop space. Putting it into context, REC’s recent 2.2MW TwinPeak installation in Singapore is able to generate an additional 157MWh of clean energy annually as compared to standard panels.

The additional clean energy produced by TwinPeak panels can power up to 38 HDB 5-room flats yearly or the equivalent of 1,088 light bulbs. Similarly, it is also able to mitigate an additional 80 tonnes of carbon dioxide annually – the amount that takes the planting of 3,200 new trees to offset.

REC also announced today, an investment of S$50 million in the development of a novel solar panel with 350 watt power, over the next five years. In partnership with the Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) at the National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore’s flagship solar energy laboratory, this technological breakthrough will generate 1.35 times more energy, at a comparable cost and size to standard multi-crystalline modules.

Said Prof. Armin Aberle, CEO, SERIS, “Collaborations between university institutes and industry are very beneficial for growing the solar sector, especially when it comes to developing and commercialising new technologies. With REC on board to further the green agenda in Singapore and the region, we believe this will stimulate other companies to follow suit and enhance their R&D investments to address the issues of climate change and dwindling resources.”

The Minister visited the Cells and Modules production.

The Minister visited the Cells and Modules production.

Added O’Neil, “REC constantly strengthens its position as a leader in terms of solar panel reliability, performance and cost. With SERIS’ support, we’re in a good position to ride on market opportunities where growth prospects remain positive.”

A memorandum of understanding (MOU) was also signed between REC and SERIS.

“We warmly welcome REC’s S$200 million solar manufacturing expansion, which will further strengthen Singapore’s cleantech industry ecosystem. The investment is testament to the competitiveness of Singapore’s advanced manufacturing sector in terms of engineering talent, automation expertise and supplier base,” said Yeoh Keat Chuan, Managing Director, Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB). “REC’s S$50 million R&D collaboration with SERIS will accelerate the commercialisation of innovative solar technologies in Singapore,” he added.

Complete low-voltage solution cuts engineering costs and project delivery time for Bangkok’s new EmQuartier mall

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Bangkok's new EmQuartier Mall.

Bangkok’s new EmQuartier Mall.

ABB, the leading power and automation group, has installed a smart low-voltage network in a cutting-edge shopping mall in Bangkok, the EmQuartier. The project is the first retail development to use ABB’s Emax 2 circuit breakers and Ekip control and connectivity features for remote management of its power grid. ABB’s complete low-voltage solution improved the project’s delivery time by 35 percent and reduced engineering costs by around 60 percent, due to its integrated SCADA functionality.

Giampiero Frisio, managing director of ABB’s Protection and Connection business, said, “The solution developed for EmQuartier demonstrates why ABB is the technology leader in low-voltage energy. Building operators need solutions that make energy management easier and that help reduce total operating costs – ABB’s complete solutions simplify the whole process for everybody: panel builders and system integrators save time and money while making the end-user’s operations simpler to manage, safer, more reliable and energy efficient. By pioneering the introduction of more integrated, intuitive and connected low-voltage solutions, ABB is taking power and productivity to the next level.”

The EmQuartier is a 250,000-square-metre luxury shopping and entertainment venue and a key part of the Mall Group’s multibillion Baht transformation of Bangkok’s business district. ABB developed the centre’s low-voltage network in partnership with local panel builder PMK Group. Emax 2 circuit breakers’ built-in sensors and connectivity, configured with Ekip View supervision software enable remote monitoring, management and control of the low-voltage network at the shopping mall.

Emax 2’s connectivity features enable it to integrate into a wide array of automated systems.

Emax 2’s connectivity features enable it to integrate into a wide array of automated systems.

With each node in the electrical distribution network connected, everything from energy consumption to trend analysis and testing can be managed remotely. The air circuit breakers’ intuitive touchscreen user interface supports ten different languages, including Thai, helping make the network simpler to manage.

Chanapatt Pattaramaetakul, chief marketing officer of PMK Group, said: “The EmQuartier is a landmark in Bangkok’s economic development – and the development of its low-voltage network demanded a different level of innovation and quality. Working closely with ABB from the outset enabled PMK to offer a smarter solution in considerably less time.”

The solution for EmQuartier uses Emax2 circuit breakers, which can monitor, manage and even limit power consumption. Emax 2’s connectivity features enable it to integrate into a wide array of automated systems so that facility managers can receive alerts and communicate remotely via a tablet. ABB’s Ekip View supervision software connects more than 100+ Emax2 air circuit breakers with all the molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs) and other devices, like miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) and multimeters, as well as the mall’s central monitoring system.

With each node in the electrical distribution network connected, everything from energy consumption to trend analysis and testing can be managed remotely.

With each node in the electrical distribution network connected, everything from energy consumption to trend analysis and testing can be managed remotely.

ABB is partnering with panel builders and system integrators worldwide to support the introduction of smarter low-voltage power grids that make site management more effective and cost-efficient. Such systems can be deployed at a single site or multiple sites and supervised at a central location. Collecting detailed data from each device at a site enables operators to compare different time windows, or similar time windows at different plants. Monitoring the status of assets for issues such as contact wear, life expectancy, alarms or circuit breaker position, with notifications sent to mobile devices, can ensure more timely interventions.

Johnson Controls Helps Hong Kong Landmark Sun Hung Kai Centre Exceed Energy Savings Goal

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Sun Hung Kai Properties is a pioneer in the application of new green  technologies.

Sun Hung Kai Properties is a pioneer in the application of new green
technologies.

Johnson Controls’ comprehensive building solution has enabled 34-year-old Sun Hung Kai Centre, a 53-storey mixed-use development and headquarters of leading developer Sun Hung Kai Properties, to achieve energy and cost savings of around 10 percent, and reduce its carbon footprint by 300 tonnes per year. This translates to annual savings of close to USD 75,000 with an anticipated return on investment of only two years.

One of the most valuable real estate developers in Asia, Sun Hung Kai Properties is a pioneer in the application of new green technologies. Sun Hung Kai Centre is among the few buildings in Hong Kong that has achieved the “Excellent” certificate awarded by the Hong Kong Environment Technology Centre, as well as achieved global certification from the International Standards Organisation (ISO) for its accomplishments in improving quality and environmental management.

Sun Hung Kai Properties set out to further reduce the building’s energy consumption and carbon footprint by five percent with minimal disruption to the occupants. Working with Johnson Controls, the company doubled its energy savings goal.

At the centre of the Johnson Controls’ project is the optimisation of the building’s central chilled water plant, which typically consumes about 40 percent of the total energy consumption in the building. Johnson Controls’ Central Plant Optimisation 10 (CPO10) software, integrated with its Metasys ® building management system and YORK® YK centrifugal chillers incorporate best practices from world-class chiller plants to optimise plant configurations. As a result, chillers with different tonnage and starters can be utilised depending on building load and ambient conditions.

Johnson Controls also introduced its proprietary fault-diagnostic software, Connected Services, which allows for remote monitoring of chillers round-the-clock. With that, Sun Hung Kai Centre receives real-time information on its chiller plant performance, as well as timely insights through monthly, customised reports indicating the health of the chillers.

“Johnson Controls gave us valuable counsel and with their integrated solutions, we were able to exceed our energy savings goal. We are deeply impressed by their level of expertise and professional service,” said Ricky Kwan, Head of Technical Services, S.H.K. Real Estate Management Company Ltd.

APB paves way for clean energy adoption in Singapore

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Leading the charge for sustainable business practices here, Asia Pacific Breweries Singapore (APBS) and Renewable Energy Corporation (REC) have announced recently, a landmark partnership that will see the home-grown brewery make the leap towards solar energy.

In a pioneering Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) inked with REC, the leading global provider of solar energy solutions, clean energy will be provided for APBS’ facilities. This agreement will see REC’s award-winning, high-performance TwinPeak panels mounted across three rooftops at APBS, making it the largest rooftop solar installation for HEINEKEN globally. APBS is a HEINEKEN operating company.

At 2.196 megawatt peak (MWp), this solar installation is approximately four times the size of typical. This collaboration represents HEINEKEN’s first solar installation project in the Asia Pacific region and also its largest rooftop installation worldwide. It is also one of REC’s biggest carbon-saving initiatives to date.

Scheduled to run for the next 25 years, this PPA will see APBS generate approximately 2.3 million kilowatt-hours (kWh) of clean energy annually, enough power to meet the annual power consumption of 600 four-room HDB households here. Generated through 8,038 REC solar panels that are made in Singapore and spanning an area equivalent to three FIFA football fields in size, the resulting renewable energy helps APBS mitigate 1,500 tonnes of carbon emissions annually, reducing its carbon footprint by approximately 20 percent.

As a socially-responsible business, reducing carbon emissions, protecting water resources and advocating the responsible consumption of alcohol form key pillars that drive APBS’ corporate sustainability strategy towards Brewing a Better World – its long term approach to create shared and sustainable value for its stakeholders and community that it operates in.

“At APBS, sustainability is very much a business imperative. This launch is a milestone in our journey towards Brewing a Better World, and through our PPA with REC, places us at the forefront of for the future adoption of clean energy initiatives within the various commercial industries,” said Kenneth Choo, Managing Director, HEINEKEN Asia Pacific.

A ‘Brewed by the Sun’ icon (left) will be introduced to Tiger Beer’s packaging in due time.

A ‘Brewed by the Sun’ icon (left) will be introduced to Tiger Beer’s packaging in due time.

Set at the home of the iconic Tiger Beer, this initiative will also mean that every Tiger Beer consumed in Singapore will be ‘Brewed by the ‘Sun’. A ‘Brewed by the Sun’ icon (left) will be introduced to Tiger Beer’s packaging in due time. The renewable energy generated through this initiative dovetails APBS’ sustainability efforts with our nation’s newly outlined environmental targets announced in July, ahead of the United Nations Climate Change Conference set for end November.

“The PPA model will change the way businesses view renewable energy. Through this model, REC absorbs the investment and maintenance costs of installing solar systems on rooftops. Building owners need only pay for the consumed solar energy generated from their roofs at an agreed rate, which is fixed for the next 25 years,” said Steve O’Neil, Chief Executive Officer, REC.

Green Buildings: The Role of Energy-Efficient Vertical Transport

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By Willie Tan Business Development Director of Welden Pte Ltd, one of the exhibitors at Build Eco Xpo (BEX) Asia 2015

Safety, sustainability and cost are 3 pertinent issues at the back of a developer’s mind whenever the construction of a building is underway. Take into account that there is increasing emphasis on green buildings by the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) of Singapore – the BCA released its first ever BCA Building Energy Benchmarking Report (BEBR) in 2014 as a way for companies to keep track of their energy usage and measure their performance with that of other companies, together with a $50 million Green Mark incentive Scheme for Existing Buildings and Premises (GMIS-EBP).

However, did you know that greening has extended as far as to cover vertical transport within buildings? In a time where buildings are being built taller and higher to overcome land shortages, energy-efficient measures must be set in place to ensure that energy consumption does not go overboard, which in the long run will lead to environmental damage.

Out of a high rise building’s total energy usage, elevators consume an average of 5% to 17%. However, unknown to many, this number can actually hit a shocking 50% during peak operational timings.  This is because a large amount of energy is commonly used up by the braking system, since it plays an essential role in overseeing the elevator’s safe and smooth operation. Furthermore, additional energy is utilized by the building’s cooling system to ensure that the system continuously runs at an optimal temperature and does not overheat.

 

Waste not, want not – The future of elevator technology

Welden_Elevator System With so much energy going to waste and an urgent energy target to hit, there needs to be a way. The Power Regenerative Unit (PRU) recently introduced by Welden Pte Ltd is complete with energy regenerating features to offset energy usage and save energy costs. The device ensures energy expended in the form of heat loss by the braking system is minimized. On top of that, the heat energy is gathered and channelled to the building’s electrical grid. Hence, regenerative systems actually see a double-pronged method of saving energy in both the elevator system, as well as the cooling system, resulting in larger overall energy savings.

Welden_Power Regenerative UnitResults from buildings that have implemented the system have reported positive results, implying that the benefits are extensive. On top of the Shenzhen International Business Center and elevators in Shenzhen Airlines International Hotel reporting total energy savings hovering at a minimum of 35%, the Hong Kong AIA building’s PRU has seen more than 40% improvement in its efficiency, resulting in energy savings of approximately 6570kWh per year per elevator.

 

A green partnership

As green buildings gain more traction in the construction and greening industry, a wide range of talent and experience is needed to manage this shift in the industry. Given that green building technology now includes decisions revolving around energy-saving appliances, temperature, as well as lighting design, construction has developed to be a more complex field. In order to manage this change, it is imperative that experts and professionals continue to gather and exchange their insights and solutions, such as exhibitions like Build Eco Xpo (BEX) Asia. Not only is this necessary in giving each technology the due recognition it deserves, but it encourages innovation so that the green industry may progress collectively.

Xylem technology to deliver clean water for industrial and drinking water use in Singapore

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SINGAPORE – Xylem Inc. (NYSE: XYL), a leading global water technology company dedicated to solving the world’s most challenging water issues, has been awarded a contract worth more than $500,000 to supply ultraviolet (UV) disinfection solutions to a major municipal water reclamation facility in Singapore. As a result of the extensive treatment including Xylem’s Wedeco UV disinfection solution, the city’s industrial sector and communities living in the east of the city, will benefit from an additional 228,000 tons (50 million gallons) of reclaimed water per day.

 

The second Changi Water Reclamation Plant will include microfiltration, reverse osmosis and Xylem’s Wedeco Spektron 2000e UV disinfection system and is an initiative of the Singapore Water Reclamation Study, also known as the NEWater Study. NEWater is high-grade reclaimed water produced from treated used water that is further purified using advanced membrane technologies and ultra-violet disinfection, making it ultra-clean and safe to drink. Currently up to 30 percent of Singapore’s water needs are met by reused water. NEWater is working to meet 55 percent of Singapore’s water demand with reclaimed water by 2060.

 

Johnson Tang, Managing Director, UESH Holdings Pte Ltd, the company responsible for constructing the new facility, said, “This second Changi water reclamation plant is another important step toward Singapore securing the majority of its water needs from reused water. Xylem’s Wedeco Spektron 2000e UV system delivered on the project requirements for a sustainable and efficient wastewater disinfection option with a low life cycle cost.

 

Robin Wong, General Manager, Xylem Singapore and Regional Marketing Director, Greater Asia for Xylem said, “Singapore is at the cutting edge of water reuse. As a company focused on developing innovative, efficient solutions to the global water challenges, we are proud to support this latest step in the nation’s journey towards increased water reuse.

 

Xylem’s Wedeco Spektron 2000e UV disinfection systems feature low-pressure, high-power 600 watt Ecoray UV lamp technology, reducing lamp count by 60 percent, minimizing maintenance and lowering energy costs. The systems are designed for maximum effectiveness against waterborne pathogens and have been extensively tested, meeting the requirements of recognized regulations for safe and sustainable water disinfection, including the German DVGW directives, the US EPA’s UVDGM and the NWRI Guidelines for Drinking Water and Water Reuse (2012).

 

The second Changi Water Reclamation Plant will be operational in 2016.